In the context of the world economy entering the globalization phase, the comparative advantage of economic development is shifting from being rich in resources, rich in capital, and cheap labor costs to advantages in quality human resources. Human resources have a direct and lasting impact on the development of each individual, family, and social community. Investment in people is a strategic investment, which is the firmest basis for sustainable development. Because of that, human resource development was and is becoming a very urgent mission not only at the national level but also a matter of each region, based on geographical characteristics, population, and requirements for socio-economic development orientation. For Vietnam, promoting the role of education and training in human resource development is influenced by objective, multidimensional and complex factors, including internal and external impacts; both positive and negative; both opportunities and challenges to education and training to train human resources for socio-economic services. Therefore, it requires us to continue to research and analyze to have an objective and comprehensive assessment of the above issue.