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ASEAN\u0027s Ambiguous Role In Resolving South China Sea Disputes Image
Journal article

ASEAN's Ambiguous Role In Resolving South China Sea Disputes

Maintaining regional peace and security is a major concern for the Association of South East AsianNations(ASEAN) while preserving strong and strategic ties with China is also imperative for theprotection of regional economic and security interests. In a territorial dispute that involves mostASEAN nations to a different extent, delicately crafting a diplomatic solution to protect good workingrelations among ASEAN nations and China will become increasingly difficulty. China has beenaccused of intimidating and using other coercive tactics against the Philippines and Vietnam in its bidto claim large areas of the South China Sea against the interests of ASEAN member states. Despitethese tensions, ASEAN, nor its member nations have “condemned‟ these actions, or sort to sanctionthe Chinese at the risk of damaging lucrative economic relations to the detriment of security andstability in the region. A lack of solidarity within the ASEAN community has the capacity to undermineits function and response which has thus far been limited in addressing this issue. This paper willdiscuss aspects of Philippine, Vietnamese and Indonesian government policy towards China andcharacterize ASEAN‟s role in resolving and managing the conflict. The Philippines and Vietnam haveincreasingly troubled and deteriorating relations with the Chinese, in contrast with the Indonesians,who are working expeditiously to strengthen ties with the Chinese across a plethora of foreign policyand defense cooperation issues. The prospect of a unified ASEAN response to the South ChinaSea territorial dispute remains unlikely. Indonesia‟s proposed code of conduct may be the first stepin addressing peace and security, however is not a long term solution and governments throughoutthe region must continue ongoing robust diplomatic efforts through ASEAN, bilaterally andmultilaterally, with International assistance and cooperation, to resolve these territorial disputes.
The Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment to the Environment in Developing Countries: Indonesian Perspective Image
Journal article

The Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment to the Environment in Developing Countries: Indonesian Perspective

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) may cause positive and negative impacts in developing countries, such as in Indonesia. The positive impact of FDI may enhance economic growth in developing countries, on the other hand, negative impacts of FDI may cause environmental pollution and environmental degradation. FDI in Indonesia has already increased economic growth, however, the environmental degradation and environmental pollution cannot be avoided. In certain extent, in order to gain a great profit, FDI can be used by the foreign investor to violate human rights and the environment in the host states. Unfortunately, the government in developing countries often sacrifice the interest of environment to booast economic growth. Hence, it is crucial to have a good policy in FDI as well as environmental protection. State needs to balance the interest of environment and economic growth, since both of them are interdependence. The existence of FDI shall not hinder the political will of the house state to protect the environment. However, it is essential to enhance the role of the host state government to have a good policy of FDI in order to protect the environment. The paper undertakes a critical examination of the issues relating to the impacts of FDI to the protection of environment in Indonesia. Furthermore, it also analizes the challenges and opportunities to enhance environmental protection. The research method of this article is qualitative and the approach of the research is normative. The research finds that the role of the host sate to have agood policy in FDI as well as protection of the environment is paramount.
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