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Making of Palm Oil Into Biodiesel Catalyzed by CaO Image
Conference paper

Making of Palm Oil Into Biodiesel Catalyzed by CaO

Lipase in Enzymatic Palm Biodiesel Production Image
Conference paper

Lipase in Enzymatic Palm Biodiesel Production

Conversion of Waste Oil Into Fuel Oil : Image
Conference paper

Conversion of Waste Oil Into Fuel Oil :

Properties of Magnetite\u002DChitin Composite as Materials Image
Conference paper

Properties of Magnetite-Chitin Composite as Materials

Making of Palm Oil Into Biodiesel Catalyzed by CaO Image
Making of Palm Oil Into Biodiesel Catalyzed by CaO Image
Conference paper

Making of Palm Oil Into Biodiesel Catalyzed by CaO

Lipase in Enzymatic Palm Biodiesel Production Image
Lipase in Enzymatic Palm Biodiesel Production Image
Conference paper

Lipase in Enzymatic Palm Biodiesel Production

Conversion of Waste Oil Into Fuel Oil : Image
Conversion of Waste Oil Into Fuel Oil : Image
Conference paper

Conversion of Waste Oil Into Fuel Oil :

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Effect of Reaction Temperature and Catalyst Concentration Image
Conference paper

Effect of Reaction Temperature and Catalyst Concentration

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters from vegetable oils or animal fats. Beef tallow is the non-edible raw material with low cost production and the availability is huge in the cattle production. The objective of the study was to utilize waste animal fat (beef) for biodiesel production using solid oxide catalyst. The solid oxide catalyst derived from the industrial waste eggshells. The waste materials calcined with temperature 900oC and time 2 hours, transformed calcium species in the shells into active CaO catalysts. The oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 1.86%. The FFA content of the oil was reduced by acid-catalyzed esterification. The product from this stage was subjected to transesterification to produce biodiesel. Transesterification process produces methyl ester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables such as amount of catalyst and temperature were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield of 82.43% beef tallow methyl ester was obtained by using 9:1 molar ratio of methanol to beef tallow oil at 55oC, for a reaction time 1.5 hours in the presence 3 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this work showed that the use of beef tallow is very suitable as low cost feedstock for biodiesel production.
Increasing Percentage of Methane (Ch4) From Biogas with Purification Image
Conference paper

Increasing Percentage of Methane (Ch4) From Biogas with Purification

Biogas is the one of renewable energies that is the result of fermentation of methanogenic bacteria of biomass or organic substance . The low methane content in biogas is affected by the amount of impurities in the biogas. A membrane that produced from activated zeolite as an adsorbent is used to absorb or reduce the content of impuritiesin the biogas in order to increase methane in the biogas . Variate of research comprise variety the composition ratio of zeolite and clay as materials for zeolite membranes are 30:70 , 50:50 , 70:30 , and the effect of flow rate on the purification were 100% open valve and 50% open the valve . Parameters to determine the quality of the purification results biogas is methane percentage were analyzed by Gas Chromatography. The percentage of methane in biogas purification before treatment was 64.86 % . The results showed that the highest percentage of methane was 72.22 % that generated by biogas purification for zeolite and clay ratio was 70:30 with 100% open valve as the flow rate.
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Fatigue Analysis of Al/Fly Ash Composite From Coal Waste Image
Conference paper

Fatigue Analysis of Al/Fly Ash Composite From Coal Waste

Hot isostatic pressing is one of the method applied in powder technology to produce high density material. This research aims to investigate physical and mechanical properties of aluminium-fly ash composite made by hot isostatic pressing. Material uses was aluminium powder ( 53 μm)as matrix and fly ash powder as filler ( 53 μm). Fly ash powder was calcined at 800o C for 3 hours. Aluminium and fly ash composition were 95%, 100%, and 5%, 0 % weight fraction. Mixtures were stirred for 5 hours and pressed using 50 MPa and 100 MPa pressure to obtain green compacts. Te green compacts were hot isostatically pressed by 120 MPa pressure at temperature variation of 520o C, 540 oC, and 570 oC using 1 hours holding time. Fatigue analysis showed that optimum fatigue resistance was obtained at composition of aluminium95%-5% fly ash composite made by hot isostatic pressing at 540 oC, 120 MPa pressure, and 1 hours holding time. This composite produced minimum fatigue rate of 0,005 mm3/Nm. The specimen experienced in situ reaction caused by aluminium oxidation during sintering process.
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